22.1
Summer
2021

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Comment
22.1
Linguistic Minorities with Disabilities and the Right to Native Language Instruction
Carol Zhang
J.D. Candidate, 2022, at The University of Chicago Law School.

Thank you to Professor Emily Buss for her guidance and insights, the CJIL team for their excellent feedback, and Kathleen Boundy and the Center for Law and Education for inspiring this topic. Special thanks to my friends and family for their endless support and encouragement.

This Comment examines whether international law guarantees for linguistic minorities with disabilities the right to native language instruction.

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Comment
22.1
Applying the United Nations Trafficking Protocol in the Context of Climate Change
Mikaila V. Smith
J.D. Candidate at the University of Chicago Law School, Class of 2022.

The author would like to thank the entire editorial staff of the Chicago Journal of International Law for their excellent feedback, editor David Silberthau for his thoughtful guidance, and Professor Claudia Flores for her insightful advisement. The author is also grateful to her family, including Pasquale Toscano, Gemma Smith and Alexis Doyle, for their unwavering support in all endeavors.

This Comment responds to a lack of scholarship on the climate change-human trafficking nexus by exploring the predicted impacts of climate change on human trafficking. In light of these forecasted developments, this Comment argues that the United Nations Trafficking Protocol contains a textual basis through which states may recognize people who have been made vulnerable to trafficking by climate change.

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Essay
22.1
International Law and Transnational Legal Orders: Permeating Boundaries and Extending Social Science Encounters
Gregory Shaffer
Gregory Shaffer is Chancellor’s Professor, University of California, Irvine School of Law.
Terence C. Halliday
Terence C. Halliday is Research Professor, American Bar Foundation, Adjunct Professor of Sociology, Northwestern University, and Honorary Professor, School of Regulation and Global Governance, The Australian National University.

This Essay elaborates in three ways the call for a renewal of social science approaches to international law advanced by Daniel Abebe, Adam Chilton, and Tom Ginsburg.

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Essay
22.1
Social Science Research and Reforms of International Institutions
Weijia Rao
Assistant Professor of Law, George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School.

I thank Jacob Hopkins for research assistance, and participants at the CJIL 2021 Symposium for helpful comments. 

Using investor-state dispute settlement as an example, this Essay discusses how the social science approach can be applied to help understand the causes of the problem of excessive duration and costs of investor-state arbitration proceedings.

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Essay
22.1
Comparative International Law and the Social Science Approach
Emilia Justyna Powell
Associate Professor of Political Science, Concurrent Associate Professor of Law, University of Notre Dame.

This Essay advocates for the use of the social science approach in the study of international law, based on the example of comparative international law—specifically, Islamic law states’ views of the global order.

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Comment
22.1
How Hackers of Submarine Cables May Be Held Liable Under the Law of the Sea
Jason Petty
J.D. Candidate, 2022, The University of Chicago Law School.

The author wishes to thank his family for their support, his advisor, Professor Eric Posner, for the helpful suggestions and insights, and the entire board and staff of the Chicago Journal of International Law for their comments, review, and support.

This Comment evaluates whether states have any legal recourse under public international law against entities that hack into submarine cables.

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Essay
22.1
Measuring the Art of International Law
Mary Ellen O’Connell
Robert and Marion Short Professor of Law and Research Professor of International Dispute Resolution—Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame.

This Essay argues that the social science methodology is a useful adjunct to law, but it cannot replace the humanist ideas that constitute law.

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Comment
22.1
Cured: Proposing a Solution to the Hague Convention’s “Zone of Disease” Defense
Savannah Mora
J.D. Candidate, 2022, The University of Chicago Law School.

I would like to thank my family for their love, support, and encouragement. I would also like to thank the entire board and staff of the Chicago Journal of International Law for their valuable comments and extensive review, and Professor Erica Zunkel for her advisement.

This Comment argues that courts should adopt a rebuttable presumption against Hague Convention Article 13(b) defenses to international child abduction that are predicated on the risks of an infectious disease, or “zone of disease” defenses. Taking parents facing Hague Convention litigation have invoked Article 13(b), which provides a defense against a child’s return if there is “a grave risk that his or her return would expose the child to physical or psychological harm or otherwise place the child in an intolerable situation," based on the risks associated with international travel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Essay
22.1
A Matter of Personal Choice
Bing Bing Jia
Professor of International Law, School of Law, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

This short Essay is a comment on the Lead Essay of the Symposium. It argues that approaches to international law depend on the lawyer's purpose, and that the social science approach overlaps with other methodologies.

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Essay
22.1
The Limits of International Law Fifteen Years Later
Jack Goldsmith
Learned Hand Professor, Harvard Law School.
Eric A. Posner
Kirkland & Ellis Distinguished Service Professor of Law, Arthur and Esther Kane Research Chair, University of Chicago Law School.

We thank Andrea Basaraba and Katarina Krasulova for research assistance.

The Limits of International Law received a great deal of criticism when it was published in 2005, but it has aged well. This Essay reflects on the book’s reception and corrects common misperceptions of its arguments.