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Article
22.2
The Persistent Objector Doctrine: Identifying Contradictions
Shelly Aviv Yeini
Post-Doctoral Fellow, Hauser Global Fellows Program at NYU School of Law; Post-Doctoral Fellow, Minerva Center for the Rule of Law Under Extreme Conditions, Faculty of Law and Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa.

I thank Itamar Mann and Eliav Lieblich for their valuable comments. I have also benefited from comments by participants of the Young Researchers Workshop at the Minerva Center for the Rule of Law under Extreme Conditions, University of Haifa.

The persistent objector doctrine (POD) in international law provides that a rule of customary international law (CIL) will not oblige a state that has persistently objected to the development of the rule. The doctrine requires that the objection be “persistent” and “consistent” and that it not be contradictory. This Article offers a novel understanding of “contradiction.”

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Article
22.2
Political Stare Decisis
Oren Tamir
Graduate Fellow & SJD Candidate, Harvard Law School.

Many thanks to Ash Ahmed, Nick Barber, Omri Ben-Zvi, Josh Braver, Elena Chachko, Lawrence David, Ros Dixon, Oran Doyle, Richard Fallon, Jon Gould, Tom Ginsburg, Daphna Gluck, Tara Leigh Grove, Vicki Jackson, Larry Lessig, Asaf Lubin, Nadiv Mordechai, Gali Racabi, Richard Re, Daphna Renan, Fred Schauer, Rafi Stern, Cass Sunstein, and Mark Tushnet for helpful comments and conversations on previous drafts. Deep thanks as well to the devoted editorial team of the Chicago Journal of International Law for their tireless work on this piece. The usual disclaimers apply.

This Article fills a gap in existing scholarship by offering a comprehensive explanatory and functional theory of the role of the past as a constraint in domestic and global politics, or, in short, a theory of political stare decisis.

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Comment
22.2
Searching for Justice for Australia’s Stolen Generations
Keila Mayberry
J.D. Candidate, 2022, The University of Chicago Law School.

The author wishes to thank the entire Chicago Journal of International Law editorial staff for their extensive review, and Professor Tom Ginsburg for his advisement.

This Comment argues that a claim brought on behalf of Australia's "Stolen Generations" at the International Court of Justice could correct the Court’s jurisprudential errors in its application of the Genocide Convention and enable the Stolen Generations to achieve justice.

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Article
22.2
The Global Rise of International Commercial Courts: Typology and Power Dynamics
Weixia Gu
Weixia Gu is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong.

Please send direct correspondence to Weixia Gu, Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Email: guweixia@hku.hk. Research leading to this paper is funded by the Hong Kong Government Research Grants Council General Research Fund (HKU 17606021; 17609419; 17602218) and University of Hong Kong Outstanding Young Researcher Award Scheme. The paper benefited from presentation and discussion at Oxford Law Faculty, Cambridge Law Faculty, Harvard Law School, Yale Law School, NYU Law School, University of Lausanne, Renmin University, Fudan University, IV Oxford Symposium on Comparative International Commercial Arbitration, 2019 American Society of International Law Annual Meeting, 2020 Oxford-HILJ-YJIL “China and International Legal Ordering” Virtual Symposium and 2021 BIICL “Taking Stock: International Commercial Courts in Europe and Asia” Conference. We thank Matthew Erie and Jarrod Wong for constructive comments on earlier drafts.

Jacky Tam
Jacky Tam is Trainee Solicitor at Baker McKenzie’s Hong Kong Office.

This Article offers a unique typological framework to study the evolution of International Commercial Courts (ICCs). It argues that the most apt characterization of the relevant power dynamics is “co-opetition,” a combination of “cooperation/collaboration/complementarity” and “competition.”

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Article
22.2
Siege Starvation: A War Crime of Societal Torture
Tom Dannenbaum

The author is grateful for conversations on this and earlier working papers from which it was derived at the Hauser Colloquium at New York University School of Law, the Junior International Law Scholars Association Workshop at Cornell Law School, and the ICC Scholars Forum, hosted virtually by Leiden University. Thanks also to the editors of the Chicago Journal of International Law for their outstanding work. All errors are the responsibility of the author.

Drawing on the moral philosophy of torture, this Article argues that siege starvation is a war crime of societal torture. Recognizing this redefines the meaning and place of the crime in the framework of international criminal law.

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Comment
22.2
UNHRC Resolution 26/9: Is a New International “Red Card” Enough to Keep FIFA and Others Accountable?
Griffin A. Clark
J.D. Candidate 2022, The University of Chicago Law School.

I would like to thank CJIL for the opportunity to publish this Comment. I would also like to thank my faculty advisor, Professor Chilton, for his ideas and insights during the development of this Comment.

Using U.N. Human Rights Council Resolution 26/9 and its proposed legally binding instrument as a new avenue for transnational corporate accountability, this Comment examines FIFA’s liability for human rights violations in Qatar connected to the World Cup.

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Comment
22.1
Linguistic Minorities with Disabilities and the Right to Native Language Instruction
Carol Zhang
J.D. Candidate, 2022, at The University of Chicago Law School.

Thank you to Professor Emily Buss for her guidance and insights, the CJIL team for their excellent feedback, and Kathleen Boundy and the Center for Law and Education for inspiring this topic. Special thanks to my friends and family for their endless support and encouragement.

This Comment examines whether international law guarantees for linguistic minorities with disabilities the right to native language instruction.

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Comment
22.1
Applying the United Nations Trafficking Protocol in the Context of Climate Change
Mikaila V. Smith
J.D. Candidate at the University of Chicago Law School, Class of 2022.

The author would like to thank the entire editorial staff of the Chicago Journal of International Law for their excellent feedback, editor David Silberthau for his thoughtful guidance, and Professor Claudia Flores for her insightful advisement. The author is also grateful to her family, including Pasquale Toscano, Gemma Smith and Alexis Doyle, for their unwavering support in all endeavors.

This Comment responds to a lack of scholarship on the climate change-human trafficking nexus by exploring the predicted impacts of climate change on human trafficking. In light of these forecasted developments, this Comment argues that the United Nations Trafficking Protocol contains a textual basis through which states may recognize people who have been made vulnerable to trafficking by climate change.

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Essay
22.1
International Law and Transnational Legal Orders: Permeating Boundaries and Extending Social Science Encounters
Gregory Shaffer
Gregory Shaffer is Chancellor’s Professor, University of California, Irvine School of Law.
Terence C. Halliday
Terence C. Halliday is Research Professor, American Bar Foundation, Adjunct Professor of Sociology, Northwestern University, and Honorary Professor, School of Regulation and Global Governance, The Australian National University.

This Essay elaborates in three ways the call for a renewal of social science approaches to international law advanced by Daniel Abebe, Adam Chilton, and Tom Ginsburg.

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Essay
22.1
Social Science Research and Reforms of International Institutions
Weijia Rao
Assistant Professor of Law, George Mason University Antonin Scalia Law School.

I thank Jacob Hopkins for research assistance, and participants at the CJIL 2021 Symposium for helpful comments. 

Using investor-state dispute settlement as an example, this Essay discusses how the social science approach can be applied to help understand the causes of the problem of excessive duration and costs of investor-state arbitration proceedings.

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Essay
22.1
Comparative International Law and the Social Science Approach
Emilia Justyna Powell
Associate Professor of Political Science, Concurrent Associate Professor of Law, University of Notre Dame.

This Essay advocates for the use of the social science approach in the study of international law, based on the example of comparative international law—specifically, Islamic law states’ views of the global order.

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Comment
22.1
How Hackers of Submarine Cables May Be Held Liable Under the Law of the Sea
Jason Petty
J.D. Candidate, 2022, The University of Chicago Law School.

The author wishes to thank his family for their support, his advisor, Professor Eric Posner, for the helpful suggestions and insights, and the entire board and staff of the Chicago Journal of International Law for their comments, review, and support.

This Comment evaluates whether states have any legal recourse under public international law against entities that hack into submarine cables.